The terms “indica” and “sativa” have been popular for a long time, traditionally both types are considered to offer different effects. However, some of the newest data raises questions about whether these labels can actually indicate the therapeutic efficacy of a strain. Most experts today call for a new paradigm centered on chemistry rather than the taxonomy of cannabis.

Indica vs. Sativa: Are They Really Different?

The distinction between “indica” and “sativa” is preventable, however, the genetic split between the two forms of cannabis is subtle. They are also known strains of the genus Cannabis sativa L., and most of the effects attributed to them are purely speculative even if they have different kinds of medical values.

Historically, these terms were used in order to classify cannabis strains and products, and give the consumer and even prescriber an indication of what to expect. But luckily, the word today among most researchers and clinicians is that this is not the best method that’s commonly used. However, other factors such as the cannabinoid and the terpene content give a better explanation of how a particular strain will affect a user.

This article explores the origins and features of indica and sativa, the concept of the perceived differences, and why experts are abandoning the binary system by turning to chemical profiling.

What’s the Difference Between Indica and Sativa?

Indica and sativa are primary categories of cannabis plants that tend to be categorized based on their morphology. Each has distinct characteristics and origins:

The Origins of the Terms

• Sativa: Derived from the Latin word sativum meaning ‘cultivated’. In 1753, the Swedish botanist classified all of the cannabis plants under this name, Cannabis sativa L.
• Indica: Introduced by French biologist J.B. Lamarck in 1785. The term referred to cannabis types derived from India and its neighboring countries.

These classifications, initially, defined the technical and geometrical characteristics of the plant. Despite that, in the course of time, they have been associated with certain effects incorrectly. Therefore, consumers may find products labeled indica, sativa, or hybrid in an effort to determine which benefits they will receive.

Though these labels are still widely used, most scholars point out that they are not as helpful in identifying a strain’s medicinal potential. They are now regarded as better markers than it, namely chemical profiles such as cannabinoids and terpenes.

What is Indica?

Simply, Indica plants found their origins in the northern latitude. Including Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Tibet. These plants are:

• Short and bushy, with wide leaves.
• Adapted to shorter growing cycles, making them suitable for cooler climates.

Indica Effects

Indicas tend to be known for their body high, which gives them a reputation for being sleepy which can make them useful for those who have insomnia or pain. These effects are believed to be a result of more CBD content and proper THC/CBD relation. However, empirical support for such claims is still scarce.

What is Sativa?

They are a variety of Sativa that grows in warmer and more moist areas such as Southeast Asia and Central and South America. These plants are:

• Tall with narrow leaves, requiring longer growing cycles.

Sativa Effects

Sativa strains were found to create more uplifting and energizing effects. Therefore, usually used to promote associated activities such as creativity, focus, and sociability. They generally possess a comparatively higher proportion of THC. However, similar to what was said about India, these statements have not been supported enough by scientific evidence.

Hybrid Strains: A Blend of Both

Cannabis products available in the market today contain many hybrids, and features of both indica and sativa. Hybridization allows cultivators to:

• Enhance crop yields.
• Adjust THC and CBD ratios.
• Meet specific market demands.

Hybrid can give the possibility of various effects that can make them appropriate for a number of types of therapy.

Moving Beyond Indica and Sativa Labels

Cannabis experts still carrying out research continue to criticize the use of indica/sativa as the only markers for a particular strain. Some of these labels have been termed by Ethan Russo a cannabis researcher as non-descriptive of the biochemical makeup of a plant.

In the explanation of the impacts of marijuana, Dr. Russo prefers considering the substance’s chemical content, which comprises cannabinoids and terpenes. These compounds work together by producing what is popularly called the entourage effect.

The Role of Terpenes in Cannabis

Terpenes are natural compounds found in plants that contribute to their aroma, flavor, and color. In cannabis, terpenes play a crucial role in determining its effects.

Common Terpenes in Cannabis

• Myrcene: Of all the terpenes, myrcene can be sourced from lemongrass and thyme. It provides the plant with a peppery scent and might possess sedative effects in substantial doses.
• Caryophyllene: It is a spicy terpene derived from cloves and rosemary. It displays anti-inflammatory effects because it binds with CB2 receptors.
• Limonene: Common in citrus fruits. Limonene has uplifting effects and potential pain-relief benefits.
• Linalool: Being a floral compound, linalool, is found in lavender. It has activities against stress and induces relaxation.
• Pinene: With a woody scent, pinene is responsible for the fresh smell of pine trees with possible cognitive benefits for focus.

A New Approach to Cannabis Labeling

The reason is that scientists are currently developing better descriptive methods to classify cannabis based on actual chemical data. For instance, scientists at the University of New Mexico have designed an identification method with four-character codes to define cannabis chemovars. These codes consider:

• THC and CBD levels.
• Primary and secondary terpene content.

Such systems could help healthcare providers and consumers make more informed decisions about cannabis products.

Finding the Right Product for You

It often becomes very challenging to decide which cannabis product to use. At Releaf, we have a team of experts who are always willing to make sure you do not get lost. Especially, once you fill in the free eligibility checker on our website and share your medical history, you can schedule an appointment with one of our experts. During this appointment, the doctor will suggest a product that he or she considers logically suitable for your situation.

FAQs About Indica and Sativa Cannabis

Is Sativa or Indica Better?

There’s no definitive answer. It depends on whether one has any inclination towards one and more importantly on the kind of effects one arrives with let’s say in the future. Even experienced users nowadays are advised to make their choice based on the chemical composition of the strain rather than its type, indicated by the ‘’sativa vs ‘indica’’ label.

Which is Stronger: Sativa or Indica?

When it comes to Sativa strains they are normally rated higher in strength as compared to other strains because of the amount of THC they contain. Nevertheless, the personal effects of cannabis depend on the dosage, tolerance, and body chemistry.

Final Word

Though India and sativa have been useful standards for consumers to identify the type of cannabis products, they are becoming less useful as knowledge increases. Through the use of chemotypes and the ratios of cannabinoids and terpenes, the cannabis industry can offer suitable products for consumers and customers because medical marijuana is not a one-size-fits-all product.

Over time, with the advancement of the industry, comes an understanding of this rather complicated plant, opening up a future where cannabis offerings can be appropriately segmented per person.